Effect of testing conditions on the laser flash thermal diffusivity measurements of ceramics

Several experimental techniques either under steady state or transient heat transfer conditions, have been developed to evaluate thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of materials. However, testing difficulties resulting from specimen size, extended testing time and heat losses, have somewhat impaired the applicability of many of them. In this respect, the use of the laser flash technique for thermal diffusivity measurements, is a very convenient alternative, considering its basic modeling equation is independent of the temperature gradient as well as the heat flow, and in addition the heat losses can be analytically treated. Another important advantage of the technique is its rapid experimental execution. In this work, it is presented as an investigation concerning how the testing conditions such as specimen coating, laser power and pulse duration, base line adoption, heat losses correction methods, and specimen thickness, may affect the thermal diffusivity measurements of some ceramic materials using the laser flash technique.     

应用裂解气相色谱对生物质快速裂解反应条件的研究

采用现代化学分析领域中重要的分析方法 -裂解气相色谱法 ,对生物质的快速裂解进行了探索性研究。以杨木木屑为研究对象 ,在裂解温度 40 0～ 80 0℃ ,升温速率 1 0 0℃ s、2 50℃ s、50 0℃ s,挥发性产物停留时间 0 6～4 0s的裂解条件下 ,考察了杨木木屑快速裂解气、液、固三种产物及气相组分的分布规律。实验结果表明 ,气、液、固三种产物所占比例及其组分含量取决于裂解条件 -裂解温度、挥发份停留时间和升温速率 ,杨木在升温速率50 0℃ s、挥发性产物停留时间 0 6s、裂解温度 50 0℃下快速裂解 ,可获得最大的产液率 80 % (含水 )。物料平衡的结果证明了裂解色谱研究方法的有效性和可行性。     

醋酸H2O精馏中萃取剂的计算机辅助筛选

醋酸H2O精馏中萃取剂的计算机辅助筛选;Flash;萃取剂筛选;萃取精馏;醋酸     

偶氮染料结构、光稳定性和光化学降解机理研究

本文介绍了偶氮染料分子构型、聚集态及其晶体结构的量子化学与实验研究情况, 综述了偶氮染料光稳定性的结构效应和光化学降解机理及其激光闪光光解与时间分辨共振Ram an 光谱近代实验技术的研究进展。     

Intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer in Pd-porphyrin-quinone in the picosecond time range

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) was studied in toluene solutions of the Pd-porphyrin-quinone (Pd-PQ) dyad by flash photolysis in the picosecond time range and by a luminescence method. It is found that Pd-PQ has a high rate of intercombination conversion K_isc=(7.7±0.2)·10¹⁰ sec⁻¹. Competing intramolecular PET occurs from the lower excited singlet state of the dyad with the rate constant K _et ^s =(2.7 ±0.3)·10¹⁰ sec⁻¹. Therefore, ∼74% of excited molecules from the dyad make a transition to the triplet T₁ state and 26% take part in intramolecular PET resulting in formation of radical products. The radical products relax to the ground state with the rate constant K=(7.4±0.2)·10⁹ sec⁻¹. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina St., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 11–18, January–February, 1999.     

酪氨酸光电离过程的激光闪光光谱研究:pH效应

运用２４８ｎｍ激光闪光光解瞬态吸收光谱研究了不同ｐＨ值水溶液中酪氨酸光解过程,结果表明,溶液ｐＨ值影响酪氨酸的光电离过程;ｐＨ值增大,通过单光子途径的分子增多,而通过双光子途径的分子减少,反之则反。进一步阐明,酪氨酸光电离的ｐＨ效应源于其酚羟基的电离。     

一种带有酯基并键合电子给体的新型Ru(bpy)3的设计、合成及光谱和电化学性能

设计、合成了一种新型Ru(bpy)3类的光敏染料,利用ESL-MS和1D,2D-NMR(gCOSY,HSQC和HMBC)对化合物的结构进行了鉴定,并通过UV-vis、荧光光谱、闪光光解及电化学对其光谱和氧化还原特性进行了研究．结果表明：四个酯基及给电子配体的引入,改变了配合物的光谱特性和氧化还原电位,使其蚴带的最大吸收波长与[Ru(bpy)3]^2 相比发生了红移,拓宽了光谱的吸收范围,提高了对太阳能的利用效率;^3MLCT激发态寿命长,有利于发生分子内电子转移;在较宽的电位范围内具有很好的氧化-还原可逆性,且氧化电位Ru^3 ／Ru^2 与[Ru(bpy)3]^2 相比提高了～360mV,增强了电子传递的驱动力,说明该染料是一种潜在的太阳能电池的光敏剂．     

Preparation of copolyesters from diols and bisphenols by the solution polycondensation with TsCl/DMF/Py as a condensing agent

A novel synthetic method for the preparation of copolyesters comprised of diols and bisphenols using tosyl chloride (TsCl)/DMF/pyridine (Py) as a condensing agent has been developed. A variety of combinations of monomers could produce relatively high molecular weight copolymers, and better results were obtained by initial oligomerization of diols followed by bisphenols. In order to demonstrate usefulness of this method, copolymers comprised of IPA/TPA (50/50), bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET),and several bisphenols were prepared and compared to the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) modified by TPA and 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propane (BPA) diacetate in terms of their thermal properties. The length of mesogenic unit segments in the thermotropic IPA/TPA (50/50)‐BHET/ 4,4′‐dihydroxybenzophenone (4,4′‐DHBP) (50/50) copolymer was changed by initial reaction of BHET followed by dropwise addition of 4,4′‐DHBP in the two‐stage polycondensation and also by varying the amounts of BHET used at the initial and final stages in the three‐stage copolycondensation, and the results were studied by NMR and their thermal properties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1270–1276, 2000     

Photopolymerization mechanisms of acrylates in poly(methyl methacrylate) films

Photoinitiation processes for photopolymer coating layers have been investigated with respect to quenching rates by a laser flash photolysis using a total reflection cell, as well as to the decomposition‐quantum yield of a sensitizer dye and a radical‐generating reagent by a gel permeative chromatographic analysis (GPC); the sensitizer dye,2‐[p‐(diethylamino)styryl]naphtho[1,2‐d]‐thiazole (DNT) and the radical‐generating reagent, 2,2′‐bis(2‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetraphenyl‐1,1′‐bi‐1H‐imidazole (BI). From experiments using flash photolysis, strong fluorescence was observed at excitation of 355 nm laser pulse, though no transient absorption was observed. The fluorescence was statically quenched by BI with a quenching distance, R = 11 Å. From the experiments using GPC, the high‐quantum yield of decomposition (Φ) was obtained as Φ (DNT) = 3 and Φ (BI) = 9 for DNT and BI in the presence of acrylate monomers, trimethyrolpropanetri‐acrylate (TMPTA), at 488 nm exposure of 3.36 mJ cm which was required to form a photo‐hardened image, however no decomposition of DNT and BI was detected in the absence of TMPTA. The results imply that the photoinitiator system undergoes efficient static‐dye sensitization and efficient polymerization of the acrylate monomers accompanied with the chain decomposition of DNT and BI. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nd：S—FAP晶体1.328μm激光特性研究

用染料激光和氙灯泵浦实现了ＮｄＳ－ＦＡＰ晶体低阈值、高效率的１．３２８μｍｍ激光运转。在透过率７％的平－平腔情况下，染料激光泵浦斜效率为３８％，阈值４．５ｍＪ，倍频红光波长为０．６６４μｍ，线宽１．３ｎｍ；采用氙灯泵浦（４×３０ｍｍ），实现了１．３２８μｍ自由运转，阈值为２４０ｍＪ，斜效率为０．８５％。测量了不同腔长，不同透过率情况的输出能量、光束发散角和偏振特性等。